Epidemiologia da violência contra adolescentes no Brasil: Análise de dados do sistema de vigilância de violência e acidentes*

Objetivo : Descrever as características da violência contra adolescentes notificados a partir do Sistema de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes/VIVA, no Brasil. Material e métodos : Estudo descritivo, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes/VIVA, Brasil, no período de 2009 a 2016. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, sexo, raça, local de ocorrência, vinculo do agressor com a vítima e suspeita de uso de álcool nos casos de violência física, psicológica/moral e sexual. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e o teste de tendência de proporções no STATA. Resultados : A taxa de prevalência da violência física na faixa de 15-19 anos alcançou 104,4 por 100 000 casos, e a prevalência da violência sexual na faixa de 10-14 anos foi de 38,5 por 100 000 casos. A violência sexual alcançou nas meninas a prevalência de 52,0 por 100 000 casos, enquanto que, nos meninos, de 4,5 por 100 000 casos. Houve tendência crescente significativa de violência física na faixa de 15-19, e de violência sexual na faixa de 10-14 anos. Ambos tipos de violência atingiram as raças parda e indígena, acontecendo na residência da vítima, sendo o agressor o namorado. No caso de violência sexual, cresceu a suspeita de uso de álcool pelo agressor. A variação percentual na violência física e psicológica aumentou em mais de 400%. Conclusões: Houve aumento de todos os tipos de violência nestes oito anos. Foram mais frequentes as notificações de violência física e sexual, atingindo principalmente as meninas, na residência, sendo o amigo/conhecido ou namorado da vítima os principais agressores.

SUMMARY Objective: To describe the characteristics of violence against adolescents in Brazil reported from the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (VIVA). Methods: A descriptive study, based on data from the VIVA, Brazil, from 2009 to 2016. The variables analyzed were age, gender, race, place of occurrence, bond between the aggressor and the victim, and suspected of alcohol use in cases of physical, psychological/moral and sexual violence. Descriptive statistics and tends proportion test with STATA were used. Results : The prevalence rate of physical violence in the 15-19 years age bracket reached 104.4 per 100,000 cases, and the prevalence of sexual violence in the 10-14 years age bracket was 38.5 per 100,000 cases. Sexual violence reached 52.0 per 100,000 cases in girls, compared to 4.5 per 100,000 in boys. There was a significant upward trend in physical violence in the 15-19 years age bracket, and in sexual violence in the 10-14 years age bracket. Both types of violence affecting more frequently brown and indigenous races, and happening at the victim's home, with the perpetrator being the adolescent's boyfriend. In cases of sexual violence, the suspicion of alcohol use by the aggressor has grown. The percentage change in physical and psychological violence increased by more than 400%. Conclusions : Regardless of the type of violence, there was an increase in the eight years. Notifications of physical and sexual violence were more frequent, affecting mainly girls, in their residence, being a friend/acquaintance or boyfriend of the victim the main aggressors.

Dolor musculoesquelético en fisioterapeutas pediátricos / Musculoskeletal pain in pediatric physiotherapists

El ejercicio profesional del fisioterapeuta dentro de su área laboral está caracterizado por realizar movimientos repetitivos, cargas y descargas de peso, el cual si no se realiza de una manera adecuada tendrá como consecuencias alteraciones músculo-esqueléticas que causan dolor. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del dolor músculoesquelético en fisioterapeutas pediátricos en instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Lima. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional ­ descriptivo de corte transversal. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por 47 fisioterapeutas pediátricos de dos instituciones de salud ubicadas en la ciudad de Lima. Para recolectar la información se utilizó la encuesta como técnica y como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario sobre el dolor músculo-esquelético elaborado para este fin. Resultados: El 100% de los fisioterapeutas pediátricos presentaron dolor y el 95,7% en los últimos 12 meses. El área más afectada fue el cuello (78,7%). La edad promedio es de 30,3 años, y los años de experiencia fueron 6,1 ± 5,7 años, rango de 1 a 24 años. La principal medida preventiva que los fisioterapeutas encuestados, siempre realizan durante su campo de trabajo es utilizar diferentes partes de su cuerpo para realizar alguna técnica fisioterapéutica durante el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La presencia de dolor musculoesqueléticos en fisioterapeutas pediátricos en los últimos 12 meses fue de 95,7 % y en los últimos 7 días 89,4%. A pesar de conocer las estrategias y las medidas preventivas observamos que los fisioterapeutas no lo realizan con frecuencia. (AU)

The physical exercise of the physiotherapist within his / her work area is characterized by repetitive movements, loads and weight discharges, which, if not performed properly, will result in musculoskeletal disorders causing pain. Objective: To determine the frequency of musculoskeletal pain in pediatric physical therapists of health institutions in the city of Lima. Material and Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study will be carried out to 47 pediatric physical therapists from two health institutions located in the city of Lima. To collect the information, the survey will be used as a technique and a questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain will be used as instrument. Results: 100% of pediatric physiotherapists presented pain and 95.7% in the last 12 months. The most an affected area was the neck (78.7%). The average age is 30.3 years, and the years of experience was 6.1 ± 5.7 years, range from 1 - 24 years. The main preventive measure that the physiotherapists surveyed, always perform during their field of work is to use different parts of their body to perform some physiotherapeutic technique during the treatment. Conclusion: The presence of musculoskeletal pain in pediatric physiotherapists in the last 12 months was 95.7% and in the last 7 days 89.4%. Despite knowing the strategies and preventive measures we observed that the physiotherapists do not perform it frequently (AU)

Características del sueño en personas con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en 5 ciudades de la costa del Perú / Sleep characteristics in people with generalized anxiety disorder in 5 cities of the coast of Peru

Objetivo: Describir las características del sueño en personas con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) en un estudio poblacional en 5 ciudades de la costa peruana. Población: El presente estudio se basa en datos del Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental en la Costa del Perú del año 2006 y se utilizó la unidad de análisis de adultos (n=6 555). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo epidemiológico transversal. Para el análisis se estimaron prevalencias y proporciones, luego análisis bivariados entre personas con presencia de TAG (SÍ, NO) y variables socio-demográficas. Se realizó el mismo proceso con personas con TAG sin comorbilidad y cada uno de los componentes del Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP) contrastándolos con el resto de la población. Se utilizó la prueba chi2 convertida al estadístico F para considerar el diseño de la encuesta (muestras complejas) considerando un nivel de significancia de <0,05. Resultados: La prevalencia anual de TAG puro fue de 1,1% (IC 95% 0,8-1,7), el 78,3% tuvo de 1 a 9 perturbaciones del sueño (p=0,001), el 77,9% de las personas con TAG tuvo una latencia del sueño incrementada de leve a severa (p=0,001). El 37,2% presentó disfunción diurna de leve a severa (p=0,031). La puntación global del ICSP mostró: 43,7% merece atención médica, el 19,7% merece atención y tratamiento médico, y 0,4% padece de un problema de sueño grave (p <0,05). Conclusiones: Las características del sueño más afectadas en nuestra población son: perturbaciones del sueño, latencia del sueño y disfunción diurna, mereciendo más de la mitad atención médica especializada.

Objective: To describe the sleep characteristics in people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a population study in 5 cities of the Peruvian coast. Population: This study is based on data from the Epidemiological Study of Mental Health on the coast of Peru in 2006 and used the unit of analysis of adults (n=6 555). Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study with probabilistic three-stage sample procedure was made. At first we estimated prevalences and proportions, then bivariate analyses were conducted among people with GAD presence (YES, NO) and socio-demographic variables. We performed the same process with people with no comorbidity GAD and each of the components of the PSQI, contrasting them with the rest of the population. Chi2 test was used converted to the F statistic to consider the design of the survey (complex samples) and considering a significance level of <0.05. Results: The annual prevalence of pure GAD was 1.1% (95% CI 0.8-1.7), 78.3% had 1 to 9 sleep disturbances (p=0.001), 77.9% of people with GAD had a sleep latency increased from mild to severe (p=0.001). The 37.2% had daytime dysfunction from mild to severe (p=0.031). The PSQI global score showed: 43.7% deserves medical attention, 19.7% deserves attention and medical treatment, and 0.4% suffer from severe sleep problems (p<0.05). Conclusions: The characteristics of sleep in our population most affected are: sleep disturbances, sleep latency and daytime dysfunction; more than a half of the people deserve specialized medical care.